Legal Questions

Is an IME/EUO no-show defense precluded if the insurer did not timely deny the claim on that ground?

Deciding this question means the court rules whether an insurer's defense that the injured person or provider failed to appear for (or walked out of) a scheduled IME or EUO survives an untimely, defective, unproven or missing denial. Either the court treats the no-show as a breach of a condition precedent to coverage that lets the insurer deny retroactively regardless of the timeliness of its denial (the First Department rule), or it treats the no-show defense as subject to the 30-day pay-or-deny rule and the preclusion remedy, so that the insurer must show a timely and proper denial on that ground (the Second and Fourth Department rule). A decision that applies the second rule, by requiring the insurer to establish a timely denial as part of its no-show defense and ruling on whether it did, decides the question just as a decision that announces the rule does.

The departments are split. The First Department holds that an IME/EUO no-show is a breach of a condition precedent to coverage within the Central General Hospital v Chubb exception, so the insurer need not show a timely denial (Unitrin 2011, applied to EUOs in Allstate v Pierre 2014, repeated through Equinox 2024 and Gaines 2025). The Second Department held in Westchester Med. Ctr. v Lincoln Gen. (2009) that a denial based on an EUO no-show 'was subject to the preclusion remedy'; its later decisions make a timely denial part of the insurer's prima facie case (Interboro v Clennon 2014, Nationwide Affinity v George 2020, Quality Health v Nationwide 2023) and in 2022 called the contrary (coverage) view 'irrational' (Matter of Advanced Orthopaedics). The Fourth Department in Nationwide Affinity v Jamaica Wellness (2018) expressly disagreed with the First Department and held the defense subject to preclusion. The Court of Appeals has not decided the question: the database shows leave denied in Unitrin (17 NY3d 705) and in Westchester (13 NY3d 714); its general framework is Fair Price (2008) and Central General Hospital (1997).

Leading authorities · Authority map · Decisions by court · Plain-text version (Markdown)

Leading authorities

  • Unitrin Advantage Ins. Co. v Bayshore Physical Therapy, PLLC (2011 NY Slip Op 01948) Appellate Division, First Department, 2011First Department: no-show is a coverage defense; timely denial unnecessaryAn assignor's failure to appear for IMEs breaches a condition precedent to coverage and fits the Central General Hospital v Chubb exception to preclusion, so the insurer could deny all claims retroactively to the date of loss even though it had first denied them for lack of medical necessity and regardless of the timeliness of the denials.
    Accordingly, when defendants’ assignors failed to appear for the requested IMEs, plaintiff had the right to deny all claims retroactively to the date of loss, regardless of whether the denials were timely issued
    Later history: Leave to appeal denied, 17 NY3d 705 (2011), as cited by many later decisions in the database. The Supreme Court order (2010 NY Slip Op 31936[U]) is not in the database. Extended to EUOs by Allstate Ins. Co. v Pierre (6046, 2014). The Fourth Department expressly declined to follow it in Jamaica Wellness (3810, 2018).
  • Westchester Med. Ctr. v Lincoln Gen. Ins. Co. (2009 NY Slip Op 02589) Appellate Division, Second Department, 2009Second Department: EUO no-show denial is subject to preclusionIn a hospital's action, the insurer's letters holding the claim pending investigation, including EUOs, did not toll the 30 days; a denial based on the assignor's failure to appear for an EUO is a breach of a policy condition, not a lack of coverage, and was subject to the preclusion remedy.
    Where, as here, the defendant’s denial of liability also was based upon an alleged breach of a policy condition, to wit, the failure of the plaintiff’s assignor to appear at an examination under oath, such an alleged breach does not serve to vitiate the medical provider’s right to recover no fault benefits or to toll the 30-day statutory period
    Later history: Leave to appeal denied, 13 NY3d 714 (2009), as cited in Jamaica Wellness (3810) and Appellate Term decisions. Same case later: Westchester Med. Ctr. v Lincoln Gen. Ins. Co. (7554, 2d Dept 2011) affirmed denial of the insurer's CPLR 5015 motion to modify the judgment. Relied on by the Fourth Department in Jamaica Wellness (3810) and by the Second Department in Matter of Advanced Orthopaedics (2019, 2022).
  • Nationwide Affinity Ins. Co. of Am. v Jamaica Wellness Med., P.C. (2018 NY Slip Op 07850) Appellate Division, Fourth Department, 2018Fourth Department rejects Unitrin: no-show defense subject to preclusionA defense based on nonappearance at an EUO is a breach of an existing policy condition (a condition precedent to the insurer's duty to pay, not to the existence of coverage), so it is subject to preclusion; the insurer had to establish timely denials on that ground and its conclusory affidavit without the denial forms did not.
    In this appeal, we must determine whether an insurer in a no-fault benefits case may be precluded from asserting a defense premised upon the failure of the insured or that person’s assignee to appear at an examination under oath (EUO) where the insurer has not timely denied coverage. We hold that such a defense is subject to preclusion.
    Later history: Reversed Supreme Court (2017 NY Slip Op 32943[U], not in the database). Second appeal in the same case, Nationwide Affinity Ins. Co. of Am. v Jamaica Wellness Med. (2607, 4th Dept 2020): insurer granted summary judgment after proving timely denials; applied the same day in Nationwide Affinity v PFJ Med. Care (2605). No Court of Appeals history found in the database.
  • Matter of Advanced Orthopaedics, PLLC v Country-Wide Ins. Co. (2022 NY Slip Op 02406) Appellate Division, Second Department, 2022Second Department: treating no-show as coverage defense is irrationalOn CPLR article 75 review, a master arbitrator's ruling that an EUO no-show is a lack-of-coverage defense not subject to preclusion was irrational; an initial EUO request sent more than 30 days after receipt of the claim is a nullity and is not excused by 11 NYCRR 65-3.5 (p).
    The master arbitrator’s determination that a denial of liability based upon a failure to appear at an examination under oath constitutes a defense of lack of coverage, which is not subject to preclusion, is irrational
  • American Tr. Ins. Co. v Lucas (2013 NY Slip Op 07273) Appellate Division, First Department, 2013First Department: no need to show timely disclaimerIn a declaratory judgment action on IME no-shows, the insurer did not have to show that it timely disclaimed, because the failure to attend the exams voids the policy ab initio and is an absolute coverage defense.
    There is no requirement to demonstrate that the claims were timely disclaimed since the failure to attend medical exams was an absolute coverage defense
    Later history: Followed for this sentence in Mapfre Ins. Co. of N.Y. v Manoo (5182, 2016), Hereford Ins. Co. v Lida's Med. Supply (3826, 2018) and Nationwide Gen. Ins. Co. v Gaines (11520, 2025).
  • Interboro Ins. Co. v Clennon (2014 NY Slip Op 00092) Appellate Division, Second Department, 2014Second Department: timely denial is an element of the defenseThe insurer was entitled to a declaration of no obligation to pay because it showed that it twice duly demanded an EUO, that the assignor twice failed to appear, and that it issued a timely denial of the claims; the failure to submit to an EUO is a material breach precluding recovery of policy proceeds.
    Here, the plaintiff insurer established as a matter of law that it twice duly demanded an examination under oath from the appellants’ assignor, who had allegedly been injured in a motor vehicle accident, that the assignor twice failed to appear, and that the plaintiff issued a timely denial of the claims arising from the appellants’ treatment of the assignor.
    Later history: None found. Followed in IDS Prop. Cas. Ins. Co. v Stracar Med. Servs. (6068, 2014), Nationwide Affinity Ins. Co. of Am. v George (2599, 2020) and Quality Health Supply Corp. v Nationwide Ins. (1660, 2023).
  • Central Gen. Hosp. v Chubb Group of Ins. Cos. 90 NY2d 195Narrow lack-of-coverage exception to preclusion; Unitrin places IME no-shows within it, Westchester and Jamaica Wellness do not.Not in our database.
  • Presbyterian Hosp. in City of N.Y. v Maryland Cas. Co. 90 NY2d 274General preclusion rule for defenses not raised in a timely denial.Not in our database.
  • Matter of Acuhealth Acupuncture, P.C. v Country-Wide Ins. Co. 170 AD3d 1168Cited by Matter of Advanced Orthopaedics (2022) for holding irrational a master arbitrator's ruling that an EUO no-show defense is not subject to preclusion; not in the database, so its exact holding is known only from that citation.Not in our database.
  • PV Holding Corp. v Hank Ross Med., P.C. 188 AD3d 429Cited by State Farm v Equinox (2024): because the policy is vitiated by the EUO no-show, the insurer need not establish a timely denial. Not in the database.Not in our database.
  • PV Holding Corp. v AB Quality Health Supply Corp. 189 AD3d 645Cited by Unitrin v Dowd (2021): the no-show coverage defense applies to all claims, not bill by bill. Not in the database.Not in our database.
  • Argento v Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co. 184 AD2d 487Source of the Second Department statement that failure to submit to an EUO is a material breach precluding recovery of policy proceeds (quoted in Clennon and George).Not in our database.
  • Ops Gen Counsel NY Ins Dept No. 03-02-12 Insurance Department General Counsel opinion, Feb. 2003On the effect of a failure to attend an IME on pending and future claims; relied on in Stephen Fogel (2d Dept 2006) and the dissent in American Tr. v Longevity (1st Dept 2015).Not in our database.

Authority map

Each circle is a decision on this question, placed by court and date; its colour is the position it took. Lines are citations between them. Select a circle (or find a decision by name) to see its links and summary. The same decisions are listed by court below the map.

No-show voids coverage; insurer need not show a timely denialNo-show defense is subject to preclusion and fails for want of a timely, proper denialTimely denial required as part of the no-show defense, and the insurer showed itRing: rules on the question, but another ground decided the caseContrasted, distinguished or limitedDeclined to follow, questioned, overruled or reversedCited
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Decisions (495)

Every decision in our database that rules on this question: highest court first, then by department, newest first. 204 turn on it; the others rule on it alongside a different main ground (marked "also decides"). The one-sentence summaries describe what each court said on this question.

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