Reported in New York Official Reports at St. Vincent Med. Care, P.C. v Country Wide Ins. Co. (2011 NY Slip Op 00214)
| St. Vincent Med. Care, P.C. v Country Wide Ins. Co. |
| 2011 NY Slip Op 00214 [80 AD3d 599] |
| January 11, 2011 |
| Appellate Division, Second Department |
| Published by New York State Law Reporting Bureau pursuant to Judiciary Law § 431. |
| St. Vincent Medical Care, P.C., Respondent, v Country Wide Insurance Company, Appellant. |
—[*1]
In an action to recover assigned first party no-fault medical payments under an insurance contract, the defendant appeals, by permission, as limited by its brief, from so much of an order of the Appellate Term, Second, Eleventh, and Thirteenth Judicial Districts, dated May 8, 2009, as modified a judgment of the Civil Court of the City of New York, Queens County (Lebedeff, J.), entered February 19, 2008, which, upon an order of the same court (Lebedeff, J.), dated January 23, 2008, inter alia, granting the plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment and denying its cross motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint, is in favor of the plaintiff and against it in the principal sum of $2,856.45 only to the extent of reducing the award to the principal sum of $2,627.90.
Ordered that the order dated May 8, 2009, is reversed insofar as appealed from, on the facts and in the exercise of discretion, with costs, the judgment of the Civil Court of the City of New York, Queens County, entered February 19, 2008, is reversed, the plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment is denied, the defendant’s cross motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint is granted, without prejudice to the commencement of a new action, and the order dated January 23, 2008, is modified accordingly.
Contrary to the conclusion of the Appellate Term, under the circumstances of this case, the defendant insurer’s submission of follow-up verification requests to the plaintiff medical provider on the 30th day after the defendant sent its initial verification requests was not premature or “without effect” (Infinity Health Prods., Ltd. v Eveready Ins. Co., 67 AD3d 862, 864 [2009]). Furthermore, since the plaintiff did not fully comply with the defendant’s verification requests, the 30-day period within which the defendant was required to pay or deny the claim did not commence to run (see 11 NYCRR 65-3.8 [a] [1]; [b] [3]; Infinity Health Prods., Ltd. v Eveready Ins. Co., 67 AD3d at 865; Westchester County Med. Ctr. v New York Cent. Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 262 AD2d 553 [1999]). Thus, the action was commenced prematurely (see Hospital for Joint Diseases v New York Cent. Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 44 AD3d 903 [2007]; Hospital for Joint Diseases v ELRAC, Inc., 11 AD3d 432 [2004]).
Accordingly, the plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment should have been denied, and the defendant’s cross motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint should have been granted (see [*2]Westchester County Med. Ctr. v New York Cent. Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 262 AD2d at 553; see generally Alvarez v Prospect Hosp., 68 NY2d 320 [1986]), without prejudice to commencement of a new action. Prudenti, P.J., Angiolillo, Florio and Sgroi, JJ., concur.
Reported in New York Official Reports at Delta Diagnostic Radiology, P.C. v Country Wide Ins. Co. (2011 NY Slip Op 00174)
| Delta Diagnostic Radiology, P.C. v Country Wide Ins. Co. |
| 2011 NY Slip Op 00174 [80 AD3d 553] |
| January 11, 2011 |
| Appellate Division, Second Department |
| Published by New York State Law Reporting Bureau pursuant to Judiciary Law § 431. |
| Delta Diagnostic Radiology, P.C., Respondent, v Country Wide Insurance Company, Appellant. |
—[*1]
In an action to recover assigned first-party no-fault benefits under an insurance contract, the defendant appeals, by permission, from an order of the Appellate Term, Second, Eleventh, and Thirteenth Judicial Districts, dated May 8, 2009, which affirmed an order of the Civil Court of the City of New York, Queens County (Lebedeff, J.), dated August 1, 2007, denying the defendant’s motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint.
Ordered that the order dated May 8, 2009, is reversed, on the facts and in the exercise of discretion, with costs, the order of the Civil Court of the City of New York, Queens County, dated August 1, 2007, is reversed, and the defendant’s motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint is granted, without prejudice to the commencement by the plaintiff of a new action.
Contrary to the conclusion of the Appellate Term, under the circumstance of this case, the defendant insurer’s submission of follow-up verification requests to the plaintiff medical provider on the 30th day after the defendant sent its initial verification requests was not premature or “without effect” (see St. Vincent Med. Care, P.C. v Country-Wide Ins. Co., 80 AD3d 599 [2011] [decided herewith]).
Accordingly, the defendant’s motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint should have been granted. Prudenti, P.J., Angiolillo, Florio and Sgroi, JJ., concur.
Reported in New York Official Reports at Sound Shore Med. Ctr. v New York Cent. Mut. Fire Ins. Co. (2011 NY Slip Op 50033(U))
| Sound Shore Med. Ctr. v New York Cent. Mut. Fire Ins. Co. |
| 2011 NY Slip Op 50033(U) [30 Misc 3d 131(A)] |
| Decided on January 10, 2011 |
| Appellate Term, Second Department |
| Published by New York State Law Reporting Bureau pursuant to Judiciary Law § 431. |
| This opinion is uncorrected and will not be published in the printed Official Reports. |
SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
APPELLATE TERM: 9th and 10th JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
PRESENT: : NICOLAI, P.J., MOLIA and LaCAVA, JJ
2009-2227 N C.
against
New York Central Mutual Fire Insurance Company, Appellant.
Appeal from an order of the District Court of Nassau County, First District (Fred J. Hirsh, J.), dated August 31, 2009. The order denied defendant’s motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint insofar as asserted by plaintiff Sound Shore Medical Center and granted plaintiff Sound Shore Medical Center’s cross motion for summary judgment.
ORDERED that the order is reversed, without costs, defendant’s motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint insofar as asserted by plaintiff Sound Shore Medical Center is granted and plaintiff Sound Shore Medical Center’s cross motion for summary judgment is denied.
In this action by providers to recover assigned first-party no-fault benefits, defendant moved for summary judgment dismissing the complaint insofar as asserted by plaintiff Sound Shore Medical Center (plaintiff) on the ground that the action was premature because plaintiff had failed to provide requested verification documents. Plaintiff cross-moved for summary judgment. The District Court denied defendant’s motion for summary judgment and granted plaintiff’s cross motion for summary judgment. The instant appeal by defendant ensued.
Contrary to the determination of the District Court, the affidavit of defendant’s claims [*2]examiner was sufficient to establish that defendant had timely mailed the verification request and follow-up verification request in accordance with defendant’s standard office practices and procedures (see St. Vincent’s Hosp. of Richmond v Government Empls. Ins. Co., 50 AD3d 1123 [2008]; Residential Holding Corp. v Scottsdale Ins. Co., 286 AD2d 679 [2001]). In addition, defendant’s moving papers established that plaintiff had failed to provide the requested verification.
In support of its cross motion and in opposition to defendant’s motion for summary judgment, plaintiff did not assert that it had never received the initial and follow-up verification requests nor did it assert that it had fully complied with these requests. Plaintiff’s attorney merely argued that since the affidavit of the hospital biller, taken together with the copy of the certified return receipt card, established that defendant had received the bill on December 22, 2008, defendant’s initial verification request, sent on November 26, 2008, pre-dated defendant’s receipt of the bill and was therefore a nullity. However, the record establishes that defendant’s initial verification request was sent to plaintiff after plaintiff had sent, and defendant had received, a UB-04 form, which specified the treatment rendered. The UB-04 form is the successor to the UB-92 form and the functional equivalent of the NF-5 form (see Insurance Department Regulations [11 NYCRR] § 65-3.5 [a], [f]). Accordingly, defendant’s initial verification request was not untimely (cf. Mount Sinai Hosp. v Triboro Coach, 263 AD2d 11 [1999]).
Since plaintiff has not rebutted defendant’s prima facie showing that defendant’s initial request and follow-up request for verification were timely and that plaintiff failed to respond to same, defendant established that its time to pay or deny the claim was tolled. Consequently, defendant’s motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint, on the ground that the action was premature, should have been granted (see Hospital for Joint Diseases v New York Cent. Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 44 AD3d 903 [2007]; Central Suffolk Hosp. v New York Cent. Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 24 AD3d 492 [2005]; Mary Immaculate Hosp. v New York Cent. Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 21 Misc 3d 130[A], 2008 NY Slip Op 52046[U] [App Term, 9th & 10th Jud Dists 2008]). Accordingly, the order is reversed, defendant’s motion is granted and plaintiff’s cross motion for summary judgment is denied.
Nicolai, P.J., Molia and LaCava, JJ., concur.
Decision Date: January 10, 2011
Reported in New York Official Reports at 62-41 Woodhaven Med., P.C. v Adirondack Ins. Exch. (2011 NY Slip Op 50026(U))
| 62-41 Woodhaven Med., P.C. v Adirondack Ins. Exch. |
| 2011 NY Slip Op 50026(U) [30 Misc 3d 131(A)] |
| Decided on January 10, 2011 |
| Appellate Term, Second Department |
| Published by New York State Law Reporting Bureau pursuant to Judiciary Law § 431. |
| This opinion is uncorrected and will not be published in the printed Official Reports. |
SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
APPELLATE TERM: 2nd, 11th and 13th JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
PRESENT: : GOLIA, J.P., PESCE and STEINHARDT, JJ
2009-1635 Q C.
against
Adirondack Ins. Exchange c/o ONE BEACON INS. CO., Respondent.
Appeal from an order of the Civil Court of the City of New York, Queens County (Diane A. Lebedeff, J.), entered June 11, 2009. The order, insofar as appealed from as limited by the brief, granted the branch of defendant’s cross motion seeking to compel plaintiff to produce copies of its corporate tax returns and its tax records regarding its professional employees, and provided that the complaint would be dismissed in the event plaintiff failed to produce these documents.
ORDERED that the order, insofar as appealed from, is affirmed, without costs.
In this action by a provider to recover assigned first-party no-fault benefits, plaintiff moved
for summary judgment. Defendant cross-moved, pursuant to CPLR
3126, to dismiss the complaint due to plaintiff’s failure to provide the information
requested in defendant’s interrogatories and defendant’s notice for discovery and inspection or, in
the alternative, to compel plaintiff to provide such information. Plaintiff appeals, as limited by
the brief, from so much of the Civil Court’s order as granted the branch of defendant’s cross
motion seeking to compel plaintiff to produce copies of its corporate tax returns and its tax
records regarding its professional employees, and provided that the complaint would be
dismissed in the event plaintiff failed to produce these documents.
Defendant’s cross motion papers set forth detailed and specific reasons for believing that plaintiff is ineligible to recover no-fault benefits because plaintiff fails to meet applicable state and local licensing requirements (see Insurance Department Regulations [11 NYCRR] § 65-3.16 [a] [12]; State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v Mallela, 4 NY3d 313 [2005]). As defendant’s cross motion papers were sufficient to establish that special circumstances exist which warrant [*2]disclosure of plaintiff’s corporate tax returns and its professional employees’ tax records (see CPLR 3101; One Beacon Ins. Group, LLC v Midland Med. Care, P.C., 54 AD3d 738 [2008]; Great Wall Acupuncture v State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 20 Misc 3d 136[A], 2008 NY Slip Op 51529[U] [App Term, 2d & 11th Jud Dists 2008]; Statewide Med. Servs., P.C. v Travelers Ins. Co., 13 Misc 3d 134[A], 2006 NY Slip Op 52014[U] [App Term, 1st Dept 2006], revg 9 Misc 3d 1124[A], 2005 NY Slip Op 51773[U] [Civ Ct, Bronx County 2005]; see also Dore v Allstate Indem. Co., 264 AD2d 804 [1999]; cf. Benfeld v Fleming Props., LLC, 44 AD3d 599, 600 [2007]; Altidor v State-Wide Ins. Co., 22 AD3d 435 [2005]), the order, insofar as appealed from, is affirmed.
Golia, J.P., Pesce and Steinhardt, JJ., concur.
Reported in New York Official Reports at Lincoln Gen. Ins. Co. v Alev Med. Supply, Inc. (2011 NY Slip Op 21012)
| Lincoln Gen. Ins. Co. v Alev Med. Supply, Inc. |
| 2011 NY Slip Op 21012 [30 Misc 3d 60] |
| Accepted for Miscellaneous Reports Publication |
| AT2 |
| Published by New York State Law Reporting Bureau pursuant to Judiciary Law § 431. |
| As corrected through Wednesday, March 23, 2011 |
[*1]
| Lincoln General Insurance Company, Appellant, v Alev Medical Supply, Inc., Respondent. |
Supreme Court, Appellate Term, Second Department, January 10, 2011
Lincoln Gen. Ins. Co. v Alev Med. Supply Inc., 25 Misc 3d 1019, reversed.
APPEARANCES OF COUNSEL
Rivkin Radler LLP, Uniondale (Stuart M. Bodoff of counsel), for appellant.
{**30 Misc 3d at 61} OPINION OF THE COURT
Memorandum.
Ordered that the order is reversed, without costs, the complaint is reinstated, and plaintiff’s motion for leave to enter a default judgment is granted.
Plaintiff insurer commenced this action against defendant, a provider of durable medical equipment, seeking to recover, based on a theory of unjust enrichment, $2,846.18 in assigned first-party no-fault benefits which had been paid to defendant as assignee of Andrey Armstrong on December 4, 2008. Before commencing this action, plaintiff conducted an examination under oath of defendant’s assignor on December 18, 2008, in connection with the treatment rendered to him by various health care providers, and concluded that defendant’s assignor had never been supplied with the equipment for which defendant had billed and been reimbursed. After defendant failed to appear or answer the complaint, plaintiff moved, pursuant to CPLR 3215, for leave to enter a default judgment. In support of its motion, plaintiff submitted a copy of the summons and complaint; proof of service thereof on the Secretary of State, pursuant to Business Corporation Law § 306; additional proof of service in compliance with CPLR 3215 (g) (4) (i); an affirmation of counsel; an affidavit of the no-fault supervisor of plaintiff’s managing general agent, which was responsible for processing and paying no-fault claims; and numerous exhibits. There was no opposition to the motion. The District Court denied the motion based on plaintiff’s failure to have raised the fraudulent billing issue in a timely denial of claim. The instant appeal by plaintiff ensued.
With very limited exceptions, an insurer’s failure to pay or deny a claim within the 30-day claim determination period (see Insurance Law § 5106) precludes the insurer from interposing most defenses to payment of no-fault benefits, including the fact that medical services or medical [*2]equipment billed for were never actually provided (see Fair Price Med. Supply Corp. v Travelers Indem. Co., 10 NY3d 556 [2008]). If an insurer is precluded from asserting a defense due to its failure to pay or deny a claim within the 30-day claim determination period, it may not{**30 Misc 3d at 62} later seek to recover amounts it paid on the claim based on a theory of unjust enrichment (see e.g. Cornell Med., P.C. v Mercury Cas. Co., 24 Misc 3d 58 [App Term, 2d, 11th & 13th Jud Dists 2009]). However, where, as here, an insurer timely pays a claim within the 30-day claim determination period, the insurer is not foreclosed from affirmatively commencing an action to recover the amounts paid on the claim when the insurer later discovers that the claim is fraudulent (see State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v Grafman, 655 F Supp 2d 212, 223-224 [ED NY 2009]; State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v James M. Liguori, M.D., P.C., 589 F Supp 2d 221 [ED NY 2008]; see also Carnegie Hill Orthopedic Servs. P.C. v GEICO Ins. Co., 19 Misc 3d 1111[A], 2008 NY Slip Op 50639[U] [Sup Ct, Nassau County 2008, Austin, J.]; Progressive Northeastern Ins. Co. v Advanced Diagnostic & Treatment Med., NYLJ, Aug. 2, 2001, at 18, col 2 [Sup Ct, NY County, Gammerman, J.]). The fact that the insurer chose to pay first-party no-fault benefits within the 30-day claim determination period, at a point when the insurer had no reason to deny the claim, “cannot in any sense be taken as a concession that the claim is legitimate” (Dermatossian v New York City Tr. Auth., 67 NY2d 219, 224 [1986]). Indeed, an opinion issued by the New York State Department of Insurance specifically states that the No-Fault Law “is in no way intended and should not serve as a bar to subsequent actions by an insurer for the recovery of fraudulently obtained benefits from a claimant, where such action is authorized under the auspices of any statute or under common law” (Ops Gen Counsel NY Ins Dept [Nov. 29, 2000]). The rationale behind this interpretation is that
“payment of fraudulently obtained No-Fault benefits, without available recourse, serves to undermine and damage the integrity of the No-Fault system, which was created as a social reparations system for the benefit of consumers . . . To conclude that the No-Fault statute bars the availability of other legal remedies, where the payment of benefits [was] secured through fraudulent means, renders the public as the ultimate victim of such fraud, in the form of higher premiums based upon the resultant increased costs arising from the fraudulent actions” (id.).
Moreover, “[t]here is nothing in the legislative history or case law interpretations of the statute or in Insurance Department regulations, opinions or interpretations of the statute that supports the argument that the statute bars such actions” (id.).{**30 Misc 3d at 63}
Accordingly, contrary to the conclusion of the District Court, plaintiff is not barred from bringing this action seeking recovery of the amount it paid to defendant. As plaintiff demonstrated its compliance with CPLR 3215 (f) and (g) (4) (i), the District Court should have granted plaintiff’s motion for leave to enter a default judgment.
Tanenbaum, J.P., Molia and Iannacci, JJ., concur.
Reported in New York Official Reports at Allstate Social Work & Psychological Servs., PLLC v Utica Mut. Ins. Co. (2011 NY Slip Op 21010)
| Allstate Social Work & Psychological Servs., PLLC v Utica Mut. Ins. Co. |
| 2011 NY Slip Op 21010 [30 Misc 3d 90] |
| Accepted for Miscellaneous Reports Publication |
| AT2 |
| Published by New York State Law Reporting Bureau pursuant to Judiciary Law § 431. |
| As corrected through Wednesday, April 13, 2011 |
[*1]
| Allstate Social Work and Psychological Services, PLLC, as Assignee of Daniel Jocelyn and Another, Appellant, v Utica Mutual Insurance Company, Respondent. |
Supreme Court, Appellate Term, Second Department, January 10, 2011
Allstate Social Work & Psychological Servs., PLLC, 22 Misc 3d 723, affirmed.
APPEARANCES OF COUNSEL
Bruno, Gerbino & Soriano, LLP, Melville (Charles W. Benton of counsel), for respondent. Gary Tsirelman, P.C., Brooklyn, for appellant.
{**30 Misc 3d at 91} OPINION OF THE COURT
Memorandum.
Ordered that the order is affirmed, without costs.
In this action by a provider to recover assigned first-party no-fault benefits for psychological services rendered to its assignors, defendant moved for summary judgment dismissing the complaint based upon, among other things, the failure of plaintiff’s assignors to attend independent medical examinations (IMEs) by a psychologist, which were scheduled by Hudson Valley Medical Consultants (HVMC). The Civil Court granted defendant’s motion, and this appeal by plaintiff ensued.
It is uncontested that defendant established that the IME requests were timely mailed in accordance with HVMC’s standard office practices and procedures and that the assignors failed to appear for the IMEs (see St. Vincent’s Hosp. of Richmond v Government Empls. Ins. Co., 50 AD3d 1123 [2008]; Stephen Fogel Psychological, P.C. v Progressive Cas. Ins. Co., 35 AD3d 720 [2006]; Residential Holding Corp. v Scottsdale Ins. Co., 286 AD2d 679 [2001]; Delta Diagnostic Radiology, P.C. v Chubb Group of Ins., 17 Misc 3d 16 [App Term, 2d & 11th Jud Dists 2007]). However, plaintiff contends that defendant’s insurance policy, which incorporates the language of the mandatory personal injury protection endorsement (Insurance Department Regulations [11 NYCRR] § 65-1.1), requires that IMEs of eligible injured persons (EIPs) be conducted only by physicians, to the exclusion of other health care providers, even when the health services for which first-party no-fault benefits are sought were provided by nonphysicians. In rejecting [*2]plaintiff’s contention, the Civil Court relied on an opinion of the State Insurance Department, dated March 12, 2004 (see 2004 Ops Gen Counsel NY Ins Dept No. 04-03-10). We find that the Insurance Department Regulations Implementing the Comprehensive Motor Vehicle Insurance Reparations Act (11 NYCRR part 65), read as a whole, in accordance with the rules of construction, and the State Insurance Department’s opinion, to which we accord great{**30 Misc 3d at 92} deference, lead to the conclusion that the requirement that an EIP submit to medical examinations, as set forth in the mandatory personal injury protection endorsement (Insurance Department Regulations [11 NYCRR] § 65-1.1), should not be limited strictly to examinations by physicians. Thus, in the instant matter, we find that the psychologist retained by defendant could properly have conducted the IMEs of plaintiff’s assignors, who had received psychological treatment (see generally Stephen Fogel Psychological, P.C., 35 AD3d at 722; Meridian Acupuncture Care v Geico Ins. Co., 31 AD3d 509 [2006]). A contrary conclusion would frustrate the core objective of the no-fault scheme by limiting the universe of health care providers who can perform IMEs to physicians, thereby delaying the processing of no-fault claims (see also Stephen Fogel Psychological, P.C., 35 AD3d at 722). Therefore, we find that defendant properly denied plaintiff’s claims based on its assignors’ failure to satisfy a condition precedent to coverage.
Accordingly, the Civil Court’s order granting defendant’s motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint is affirmed.
Golia, J.P., Pesce and Steinhardt, JJ., concur.
Reported in New York Official Reports at Bedford Med. Care, P.C. v Encompass Ins. Co. (2011 NY Slip Op 21023)
| Bedford Med. Care, P.C. v Encompass Ins. Co. |
| 2011 NY Slip Op 21023 [2011 N.Y. Slip Op. 21023] |
| January 3, 2011 |
| Cohen, J. |
| Civil Court Of The City Of New York, Kings County |
| Published by New York State Law Reporting Bureau pursuant to Judiciary Law § 431. |
| As corrected through Wednesday, April 20, 2011 |
[*1]
| Bedford Medical Care, P.C., as Assignee of Vincent Meyers, Plaintiff, v Encompass Insurance Company, Defendant. |
Civil Court of the City of New York, Kings County, January 3, 2011
APPEARANCES OF COUNSEL
Bruno, Gerbino & Soriano, L.P., Melville, for defendant. Yelena Shlyamkovich, P.C., Brooklyn, for plaintiff.
{**2011 N.Y. Slip Op. at 1} OPINION OF THE COURT
Devin P. Cohen, J.
Defendant’s motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211 (a) (5) is decided as follows:
Procedural History
This action arises from an August 6, 2008 incident wherein plaintiff’s assignor allegedly sustained personal injuries and subsequently received treatment from plaintiff health services provider. On August 27, 2009, plaintiff commenced this action seeking to recover first-party no-fault benefits for services rendered to its assignor. Issue was joined by service of defendant’s{**2011 N.Y. Slip Op. at 2} [*2]answer on or about October 7, 2009.
Prior to the commencement of this lawsuit, defendant initiated a declaratory judgment action in Kings County Supreme Court, seeking a declaration that the incident of August 6, 2008 was a “staged or intentional incident” and therefore “not a covered event as defined by the applicable policy of insurance issued by Encompass” (plaintiff’s exhibit A). Plaintiff and its assignor, Vincent Meyers, were both named defendants in the declaratory judgment action. Neither plaintiff nor its assignor answered or appeared in the declaratory judgment action, and defendant moved for a default judgment.
On January 10, 2010 Justice Robert J. Miller granted the default judgment against plaintiff and its assignor and issued a declaratory judgment finding that defendant, “by reason of no coverage, is not required to provide a defense and/or indemnification to [plaintiff or its assignor] . . . in any current or future proceedings . . . including lawsuits seeking to recover no-fault benefits . . . arising out of the alleged incident of August 6, 2008” (defendant’s exhibit A at 3). Defendant now moves this court pursuant to CPLR 3211 (a) (5) for an order dismissing the complaint in this action, with prejudice, on the grounds of collateral estoppel based upon the order issued in the declaratory judgment action, and “for such other and further relief this court deems just and proper” (defendant’s motion to dismiss at 1).
This case raises the question of the effect of a declaratory judgment order, issued on default, with respect to collateral actions seeking to litigate the same issue. To address this question requires an analysis of the intersection of the applicable law and policies underlying declaratory judgments, collateral estoppel and default judgments.
Legal Standards
CPLR 3001 provides that “[t]he supreme court may render a declaratory judgment having the effect of a final judgment as to the rights and other legal relations of the parties to a justiciable controversy whether or not further relief is or could be claimed.” The general purpose of the declaratory judgment is often described as “to serve some practical end in quieting or stabilizing an uncertain or disputed jural relation either as to present or prospective obligations” (James v Alderton Dock Yards, 256 NY 298, 305 [1931]). Thus, a primary goal in seeking a declaratory judgment is a decisive determination as to the rights of the parties in ongoing or future collateral actions.
The Court of Appeals in Kaufman v Eli Lilly & Co. (65 NY2d 449 [1985]) outlined the purpose of the doctrine of collateral estoppel and the circumstances under which it is applied. Generally, the doctrine “precludes a party from relitigating an issue which has previously been decided against him in a proceeding in which he had a fair opportunity to fully litigate the point” (id. at 455 [internal quotation marks omitted]). The doctrine stems from the principles of judicial economy and fairness (id. at 455).
In order for the doctrine of collateral estoppel to apply, two requirements must be satisfied: (1) “the identical issue necessarily must have been decided in the prior action and be decisive of the present action” (id. at 455); and (2) “the party to be precluded from relitigating the issue must have had a full and fair opportunity to contest the prior determination” (id. at 455). “The party seeking the benefit of [preclusion] has the burden of demonstrating the identity of the issues [while] the party [opposing] application [of the doctrine] has the burden of establishing the absence of a full and fair opportunity to litigate” (id. at 456).
The doctrine of collateral estoppel will only apply to matters “actually litigated and{**2011 N.Y. Slip Op. at 3} [*3]determined” in a prior action (Restatement [Second] of Judgments § 27). Without “actual litigation” there is no identity of issues (see Kaufman, 65 NY2d at 457). In general, courts have taken the position that “an issue is not actually litigated if . . . there has been a default” (Kaufman, 65 NY2d at 456-457; see Restatement [Second] of Judgments § 27, Comments d, e). More recently both in Zimmerman v Tower Ins. Co. of N.Y. (13 AD3d 137 [1st Dept 2004]) and Magic Recovery Med. & Surgical Supply Inc. v State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. (27 Misc 3d 67 [App Term, 2d Dept 2010]) appellate courts have reiterated their adherence to this principle and its application to declaratory judgments. Each court held that declaratory judgments issued on default would not be given preclusive effect in collateral proceedings.
The Parties’ Contentions
Defendant contends that collateral estoppel should apply and the case should be dismissed based upon the determination in the declaratory judgment action that the alleged accident was not a covered incident. Defendant contends that the decisive issue of coverage is the same in both actions. Furthermore, defendant (plaintiff in the declaratory judgment action) contends that plaintiff (a defendant in that action) had a full and fair opportunity to litigate the matter in the declaratory judgment action in that it was duly served with the summons and complaint and failed to appear or interpose an answer. Finally, defendant contends that, as a policy matter, “to not give preclusive effect to the Supreme Court judgment is to create a disincentive for a provider, or an Eligible Injured Person, to ever appear and litigate the issues of the Declaratory Judgment” (defendant’s reply at 2).
In opposition, plaintiff cites the general rule articulated above that collateral estoppel does not apply where there has been a default because the issues have not been “actually litigated” (see Zimmerman, 13 AD3d 137; Kaufman, 65 NY2d at 457). Plaintiff offers no explanation for its default in the declaratory judgment action.
Analysis
The line of appellate cases referenced above adheres to the principle that collateral estoppel does not apply where there has been a default in the prior action. It has been argued that when it first articulated this principle in Kaufman, the Court of Appeals did not intend it to be applied in such a bright-line manner, but rather intended a more case-specific evaluation of whether the issue had been “actually litigated” (see Staatsburg Water Co. v Staatsburg Fire Dist., 72 NY2d 147, 153 [1988] [in analyzing the application of collateral estoppel “no rigid rules are possible, because . . . factors may vary in relative importance depending on the nature of the proceedings”]; see Kaufman, 65 NY2d at 457). In the no-fault context specifically, the argument has been made that declaratory judgments rendered on default should be given collateral estoppel effect (see Magic, 27 Misc 3d at 69-76 [Golia, J., dissenting]). That said, in light of the current appellate case law, the court is constrained from dismissing this case on the basis of collateral estoppel.
However, the fact that collateral estoppel does not apply does not mean that the instant action should proceed. The efficacy of a declaratory judgment relies on the assumption that it will be given preclusive effect in collateral actions. To allow the action to continue as though the declaratory judgment (DJ) action never occurred would create a disincentive for no-fault providers to ever appear in declaratory judgment actions and would undermine the purpose of the declaratory judgment process. While plaintiff/DJ defendant cannot, under the case law, be prejudiced by the default finding, neither should plaintiff/DJ defendant be unfairly advantaged [*4]by its own default.{**2011 N.Y. Slip Op. at 4}
In general, a default judgment is a presumptively valid judgment entitled to enforcement, unless or until reversed or set aside (All Terrain Props. v Hoy, 265 AD2d 87 [1st Dept 2000]; but see also Fleet Bus. Credit, LLC v Michael P. Costelloe, Inc., 19 Misc 3d 29 [App Term, 2d & 11th Jud Dists 2008] [limited exception for out-of-state defaults where defendant alleges a lack of personal jurisdiction in the prior action]). To avoid enforcement of a default judgment, a defendant must move to vacate and offer both a reasonable excuse for its default and a meritorious defense to the underlying action (CPLR 317). In the court’s view, a declaratory judgment, issued on default, should be treated in the same manner. Plaintiff’s proper recourse, if it wishes to proceed with this action, is to move to vacate the default judgment in the declaratory judgment action by offering a reasonable excuse for its failure to appear and a meritorious defense to that action.
The court is empowered to stay its own proceedings “[e]xcept where otherwise prescribed by law . . . in a proper case, upon such terms as may be just” (CPLR 2201). One instance in which the staying of a given action is often deemed appropriate is when another (collateral) action is pending (see Connors, Practice Commentaries, McKinney’s Cons Laws of NY, Book 7B, CPLR C2201:4 [discussing implied stay provision on a motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211 (a) (4)]). Since plaintiff contends that the declaratory judgment cannot be given preclusive effect because it was not “actually litigated,” this court will stay the instant matter to afford plaintiff the opportunity to move to vacate its Supreme Court default and, if granted, to “actually litigate” the coverage question in the declaratory judgment action.
Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, the court exercises its discretion to stay this action indefinitely pending any vacatur of the default judgment in the collateral declaratory judgment action. This decision is without prejudice to defendant to remake or renew this motion in the event that plaintiff is unsuccessful in vacating the declaratory judgment.
Reported in New York Official Reports at Enko Enters. Intl., Inc. v Clarendon Natl. Ins. Co. (2010 NY Slip Op 52267(U))
| Enko Enters. Intl., Inc. v Clarendon Natl. Ins. Co. |
| 2010 NY Slip Op 52267(U) [30 Misc 3d 127(A)] |
| Decided on December 30, 2010 |
| Appellate Term, First Department |
| Published by New York State Law Reporting Bureau pursuant to Judiciary Law § 431. |
| This opinion is uncorrected and will not be published in the printed Official Reports. |
APPELLATE TERM OF THE SUPREME COURT, FIRST DEPARTMENT
PRESENT: McKeon, P.J., Schoenfeld, Shulman, JJ
570736/09.
against
Clarendon National Insurance Company, Defendant-Appellant.
Defendant, as limited by its brief, appeals from that portion of an order of the Civil Court of the City of New York, Bronx County (Raul Cruz, J.), entered March 18, 2009, which denied its motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint.
Per Curiam.
Order (Raul Cruz, J.), entered March 18, 2009, insofar as appealed from, reversed, without costs, defendant’s motion for summary judgment granted, and the complaint dismissed. The Clerk is directed to enter judgment accordingly.
Defendant-insurer made a prima facie showing of entitlement to judgment as a matter of law
dismissing the complaint, which asserted claims to recover assigned first-party no-fault benefits.
Defendant demonstrated, through the affirmed peer review report of a physician, that the medical
supplies plaintiff-provider afforded to its assignor were not medically necessary (see generally CPT Medical Services, P.C. v
New York Cent. Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 18 Misc 3d 87 [2007]). In this connection, we note
that the physician opined that the medical supplies were not medically necessary because the
assignor was already receiving both physical and chiropractic therapy for his injuries, treatment
that the physician concluded was sufficient under the circumstances. In opposition, plaintiff,
which did not submit any evidence regarding the medical necessity of the supplies, failed to raise
a triable issue.
THIS CONSTITUTES THE DECISION AND ORDER OF THE COURT.
| DECEMBER 30, 2010 | ||||||||
| SUPREME COURT, APPELLATE TERM, FIRST DEPARTMENT | ||||||||
| May 2010 Term |
Decision Date: December 30, 2010
Reported in New York Official Reports at Lenox Hill Radiology, P.C. v Tri-State Consumer Ins. Co. (2010 NY Slip Op 20530)
| Lenox Hill Radiology, P.C. v Tri-State Consumer Ins. Co. |
| 2010 NY Slip Op 20530 [31 Misc 3d 13] |
| Accepted for Miscellaneous Reports Publication |
| AT1 |
| Published by New York State Law Reporting Bureau pursuant to Judiciary Law § 431. |
| As corrected through Wednesday, April 27, 2011 |
[*1]
| Lenox Hill Radiology, P.C., as Assignee of Edward Bredy, Respondent, v Tri-State Consumer Insurance Company, Appellant. |
Supreme Court, Appellate Term, First Department, December 30, 2010
APPEARANCES OF COUNSEL
Corigliano, Geiger & Verrill, Jericho, for appellant. Baker, Sanders, Barshay, Grossman, Fass, Muhlstock & Neuwirth, LLC, Mineola, for respondent.
{**31 Misc 3d at 14} OPINION OF THE COURT
Per Curiam.
Judgment, entered on or about September 9, 2008, reversed, with $30 costs, and complaint dismissed.
Upon the trial of this action to recover payment of first-party no-fault benefits arising from plaintiff’s performance of four separate MRIs of plaintiff’s assignors, Civil Court awarded judgment in plaintiff’s favor in the principal amount of $4,390.16. The principal defense advanced by defendant insurer at trial was that plaintiff’s claims were premature because plaintiff had failed to respond to defendant’s verification requests (see 11 NYCRR 65-3.5 [b]; New York & Presbyt. Hosp. v Progressive Cas. Ins. Co., 5 AD3d 568 [2004]). Upon review of the record, we conclude that defendant presented evidence of its office mailing practice sufficient to establish that the verification requests had been mailed and presumably received by plaintiff. In this posture, and in the absence of any claim or showing that plaintiff ever responded to defendant’s timely requests for verification, we reverse the judgment appealed from and dismiss the action as premature.
At trial, defendant presented the testimony of an experienced claims examiner, Jennifer Piccolo, who both personally prepared the initial and follow-up verification requests here at issue and possessed firsthand knowledge of defendant’s standard office mailing practice. The witness’s credible and consistent account of the mailing procedures generally followed by defendant, including how the mail was systematically picked up during the workday, when it would “go out,” and what steps would be taken if a verification letter was returned as undeliverable (an event which, the witness noted, did not occur here), “obviated the necessity of producing a witness with personal knowledge of the actual mailing” of defendant’s verification letters (see Badio{**31 Misc 3d at 15} v Liberty Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 12 AD3d 229, 230 [2004]). Nor was it incumbent upon defendant to produce a witness, such as a mail clerk or other clerical employee, whose duty [*2]it was to ensure compliance with its mailing procedures or who possessed personal knowledge of such compliance (see Delta Diagnostic Radiology, P.C. v Chubb Group of Ins., 17 Misc 3d 16 [2007]).
Having established its routine and reasonable office practice, defendant met its burden to establish that the verification letters were mailed to (and presumably received by) plaintiff. Plaintiff not only failed to produce any countervailing evidence to rebut the presumption of receipt, but has not at any time affirmatively denied receipt of the verification letters.
Before concluding, we would be remiss in failing to note that the facts and circumstances of this action do much to illustrate the disturbing reality that first-party no-fault benefits litigation has become the antithesis of what was supposed to be an expeditious and simplified process for the payment of medical costs for injuries sustained in motor vehicle accidents (see Walton v Lumbermens Mut. Cas. Co., 88 NY2d 211, 214 [1996]). Too often, lawsuits with a value akin to a small claims action become bogged down by an insistence by one party or another that mailing of routine forms be established with scientific precision, asking judges, already burdened to the breaking point with the veritable legion of no-fault cases overflowing from our court dockets (while very able arbitrators remain underutilized), to require multiple witnesses to be summoned to the courthouse, merely to establish a presumption of mailing, even in the absence of an express denial of receipt of the disputed correspondence. Unfortunately, this class of cases has spawned a body of “gotcha” jurisprudence, marked by a near manic preoccupation with form over substance.
How we have reached this sorry state is of little moment. Perhaps all branches of government need to call a “time out” and, working together, endeavor to construct a workable process to achieve what the framers of the no-fault statute had in mind when they sought to establish a simplified and expeditious process to reimburse those of our citizenry injured in automobile accidents. For sure, the system now in place is not achieving that laudable aim.
Schoenfeld, J. (dissenting). I fully agree with the majority’s sentiment that it is time for a change in no-fault litigation, which has become overly protracted and wasteful. Clearly, a{**31 Misc 3d at 16} streamlined process that yields timely, substantive results to ensure reimbursement, when appropriate, is needed. In the present case, all that was required at trial was the testimony of an individual with knowledge of defendant’s standard mailing practice. As this was not done, however, I respectfully dissent and would affirm the trial judge’s finding in favor of plaintiff.
At trial, defendant did not dispute that it received plaintiff’s bills, but averred that plaintiff failed to respond to its request for verification. In support thereof, defendant offered the testimony of Jennifer Piccolo, an experienced claims examiner.
Ms. Piccolo testified to having reviewed plaintiff’s claims, and stated why further verification was needed. As a result, she prepared verification letters and placed them in “a bin slot . . . within the department,” to be “picked up by the clerical department.” She further testified that if mail was not delivered and came back to her office, the address would be checked, and if it was wrong, it would be corrected and re-mailed. However, Ms. Piccolo candidly admitted to not knowing the mailroom procedure:
“Q: Do you have personal knowledge of the actual policies of the people who handle that mail that’s returned?[*3]
“A: Personal knowledge, yes.
“Q: Personal knowledge as in you observe them do their day to day job with respect to . . . receipt of mail returned?
“A: No.
“Q: Nor with any of their other responsibilities with respect to mailing, correct?
“A: Correct.”
It is well established that the decision of the fact-finding court should not be disturbed unless it is obvious that the court’s conclusion could not be reached under any fair interpretation of the evidence. (Frame v Maynard, 78 AD3d 508 [1st Dept 2010].) Further, the burden is on the insurer to establish proper and timely mailing of verification requests. (Westchester Med. Ctr. v Progressive Cas. Ins. Co., 6 Misc 3d 1039[A], 2005 NY Slip Op 50348[U] [Nassau Dist Ct 2005]; see Lehrer McGovern Bovis, Inc. v Public Serv. Mut. Ins. Co., 268 AD2d 388 [1st Dept 2000].)
As noted in Badio v Liberty Mut. Fire Ins. Co. (12 AD3d 229, 230 [1st Dept 2004]): “An insurer is entitled to a presumption that a [request] was received when the proof exhibits an office practice and procedure . . . which shows that the [request has]{**31 Misc 3d at 17} been duly addressed and mailed.” (Emphasis added and internal quotation marks omitted.) In that case, “Liberty Mutual did present the testimony of an employee who possessed personal knowledge of the office mailing practice, including how the mail was picked up and counted, and how the names and addresses on each item were confirmed.” (Id.)
Clearly Ms. Piccolo, who placed her letters in a bin slot within her own particular department, did not know whether such letters were put in a postal box that day. Nor did she have personal knowledge regarding even the basic mailing practice and procedure of her company. In Westchester Med. Ctr. v Countrywide Ins. Co. (45 AD3d 676 [2d Dept 2007]), defendant contended that a claim for payment was premature because plaintiff failed to respond to its verification requests. However, the Court, in holding that the statements by a supervisor employed in defendant’s claims department were insufficient, noted that she “had no personal knowledge that the verification requests were actually mailed on the dates they were issued.” (Id. at 676.) The Court further stated that “her conclusory allegations regarding the defendant’s office practice and procedure failed to establish that [it] was designed to ensure that the verification requests were . . . properly mailed.” (Id. at 676-677; accord Modern Psychiatric Servs. P.C. v Progressive Ins. Co., 10 Misc 3d 145[A], 2006 NY Slip Op 50143[U] [App Term, 2d Dept 2006]; Careplus Med. Supply Inc. v Travelers Home & Mar. Ins. Co., 7 Misc 3d 133[A], 2005 NY Slip Op 50648[U] [App Term, 2d Dept 2005].)
Accordingly, the judgment in favor of plaintiff should not be disturbed.
McKeon, P.J., and Shulman, J., concur; Schoenfeld, J., dissents in a separate opinion.
Reported in New York Official Reports at Bath Med. Supply, Inc. v GEICO Ins. Co. (2010 NY Slip Op 52316(U))
| Bath Med. Supply, Inc. v GEICO Ins. Co. |
| 2010 NY Slip Op 52316(U) [30 Misc 3d 130(A)] |
| Decided on December 23, 2010 |
| Appellate Term, Second Department |
| Published by New York State Law Reporting Bureau pursuant to Judiciary Law § 431. |
| This opinion is uncorrected and will not be published in the printed Official Reports. |
SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
APPELLATE TERM: 2nd, 11th and 13th JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
PRESENT: : GOLIA, J.P., PESCE and STEINHARDT, JJ
2009-2001 K C.
against
GEICO Insurance Co., Appellant.
Appeal from an order of the Civil Court of the City of New York, Kings County (Lisa S. Ottley, J.), entered July 16, 2009. The order, insofar as appealed from, denied the branch of defendant’s motion seeking summary judgment dismissing the complaint.
ORDERED that the order, insofar as appealed from, is reversed, without costs, and the branch of defendant’s motion seeking summary judgment dismissing the complaint is granted.
In this action by a provider to recover assigned first-party no-fault benefits, defendant moved
for summary judgment dismissing the complaint or, in the alternative, for a finding, pursuant to
CPLR 3212 (g), that defendant had issued timely and valid
claim denials. The Civil Court found that defendant’s claim denial forms “were timely and
properly mailed,” and held that the sole issue to be determined at trial was the medical necessity
of the medical supplies at issue. This appeal by defendant ensued.
The papers submitted in support of defendant’s motion for summary judgment included two peer review reports in admissible form, both of which set forth a factual basis and medical rationale for the opinions of the peer reviewers that there was a lack of medical necessity for the medical supplies at issue. In opposition to defendant’s motion, plaintiff stated that it was not in possession of all the information and documentation relied upon by the peer reviewers and that these documents were “essential to justify opposition” to defendant’s motion (CPLR 3212 [f]). Plaintiff, however, failed to demonstrate that it needed these documents in order to raise a triable issue of fact as to whether the supplies at issue were medically necessary (see Urban Radiology, P.C. v Tri-State Consumer Ins. Co., 27 Misc 3d 140[A], 2010 NY Slip Op 50987[U] [App Term, 2d, 11th & 13th Jud Dists 2010]; GZ Med. & Diagnostic, P.C. v Mercury Ins. Co., 26 Misc 3d [*2]146[A], 2010 NY Slip Op 50491[U] [App Term, 2d, 11th & 13th Jud Dists 2010]), and that it had served discovery demands during the ample opportunity that it had to seek discovery of such documentation before the summary judgment motion was made (see Mega Supply & Billing, Inc. v Clarendon [reported as Larendon] Natl. Ins. Co., 28 Misc 3d 137[A], 2010 NY Slip Op 51452[U] [App Term, 2d, 11th & 13th Jud Dists 2010]; Urban Radiology, P.C., 27 Misc 3d 140[A], 2010 NY Slip Op 50987[U]).
In light of the foregoing, as well as the Civil Court’s CPLR 3212 (g) finding that defendant’s claim denial forms were timely and properly mailed, a finding which plaintiff does not dispute on appeal, and since plaintiff failed to rebut defendant’s prima facie showing that there was a lack medical necessity for the supplies at issue (see Delta Diagnostic Radiology, P.C. v Integon Natl. Ins. Co., 24 Misc 3d 136[A], 2009 NY Slip Op 51502[U] [App Term, 2d, 11th & 13th Jud Dists 2009]; Delta Diagnostic Radiology, P.C. v American Tr. Ins. Co., 18 Misc 3d 128[A], 2007 NY Slip Op 52455[U] [App Term, 2d & 11th Jud Dists 2007]; A. Khodadadi Radiology, P.C. v NY Cent. Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 16 Misc 3d 131[A], 2007 NY Slip Op 51342[U] [App Term, 2d & 11th Jud Dists 2007]), the branch of defendant’s motion seeking summary judgment dismissing the complaint should have been granted.
Golia, J.P., Pesce and Steinhardt, JJ., concur.
Decision Date: December 23, 2010